2Methoxyaniline [factsheet]

2-METHOXYANILINE

(o-ANISIDINE)

Please Note: The main source of information for this fact sheet is the IARC monographs on chemicals carcinogenic to humans. Other secondary sources include the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), a database of summaries of peer-reviewed literature, and the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS), a database of toxic effects that are not peer reviewed.

Environmental/Occupational Exposure

* Occupational exposure to 2-methoxyaniline may occur for those workers in the dye industry. (1)

* 2-Methoxyaniline has been identified in tobacco smoke. (1)

Assessing Personal Exposure

* No information is available on the assessment of personal exposure to 2-methoxyaniline.

Health Hazard Information

Acute Effects:

* Acute (short-term) exposure to 2-methoxyaniline in humans results in skin irritation. (2)

* Tests involving acute exposure of animals, such as the LD₅₀ test in rats and mice, have shown 2-methoxyaniline to have moderate acute toxicity from oral exposure. (3)

Chronic Effects (Noncancer):

* Workers exposed to 2-methoxyaniline by inhalation for 6 months developed headaches, vertigo, and effects on the blood (increased sulfhemoglobin and methemoglobin). (2)

* Animal studies have reported effects on the blood (anemia and reticulocytosis) from chronic, dermal exposure to 2-methoxyaniline. (2)

* EPA has determined that there are inadequate data to establish an RfC for 2-methoxyaniline. (4)

* EPA has not established an RfD for 2-methoxyaniline. (4)

Reproductive/Developmental Effects:

* No information is available on the reproductive or developmental effects of 2-methoxyaniline in humans or animals.

Cancer Risk:

* No information is available on the carcinogenic effects of 2-methoxyaniline in humans.

* Animal studies have reported that oral exposure to 2-methoxyaniline hydrochloride resulted in tumors of the urinary bladder. (1,2)

* EPA has not classified 2-methoxyaniline for carcinogenicity.

* IARC has classified 2-methoxyaniline as a Group 2B, possible human carcinogen. (5)

Physical Properties

* 2-Methoxyaniline is a yellowish-liquid that is slightly soluble in water. (1)

* The chemical formula for 2-methoxyaniline is C₇H₉NO, and the molecular weight is 123.2 g/mol. (1)

* The vapor pressure for 2-methoxyaniline is 0.212 mm Hg at 20 EC, and it has a log octanol/water partition coefficient (Log K_ow) of 1.02. (6)

Uses

* 2-Methoxyaniline is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of dyes. (1)

Health Data from Inhalation Exposure

Concentration (mg/m³)

Health numbers^a

Regulatory, advisory numbers^b

Reference

0.1

0.01

* OSHA PEL, ACGIH TLV, and MSHA standard (0.5 mg/m³)

ACGIH TLVCAmerican Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygienists' threshold limit value expressed as a time-weighted average; the concentration of a substance to which most workers can be exposed without adverse effects.

MSHACMine Safety and Health Administration.

OSHA PELCOccupational Safety and Health Administration's permissible exposure limit expressed as a time-weighted average; the concentration of a substance to which most workers can be exposed without adverse effect averaged over a normal 8-h workday or a 40-h workweek.

^a Health numbers are toxicological numbers from animal testing or risk assessment values developed by EPA.

^b Regulatory numbers are values that have been incorporated in Government regulations, while advisory numbers are nonregulatory values provided by the Government or other groups as advice.

References

1. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Volume 27. World Health Organization, Lyon. 1982.

2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB, online database). National Toxicology Information Program, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD. 1993.

3. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS, online database). National Toxicology Information Program, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD. 1993.

4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), on 2-Methoxyaniline. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH. 1993.

5. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Supplement 7. World Health Organization, Lyon. 1987.

6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Assessment Tools for the Evaluation of Risk (ASTER, online database). Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN. 1993.